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Abstract
Problem-Based Learning (PBL) has emerged as an innovative student-centered instructional approach that enhances critical thinking, problem- solving, and collaborative learning skills. This article examines the theoretical foundations, key principles, and practical applications of PBL in modern education systems. Drawing on constructivist theories advanced by John Dewey and Lev Vygotsky, the study highlights how learning through real-world problems fosters deeper understanding and long-term knowledge retention.The thesis analyzes the effectiveness of PBL compared to traditional teacher-centered methods, emphasizing its role in developing independent learning competencies and interdisciplinary thinking. In addition, the article explores the challenges of implementing PBL, including curriculum design, assessment strategies, and teacher preparedness. Empirical findings and recent educational practices are reviewed to demonstrate how PBL contributes to improved student engagement and academic outcomes.
References
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